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Belp

Coordinates: 46°53′N 7°30′E / 46.883°N 7.500°E / 46.883; 7.500
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This article is about the place in Switzerland. For assessment of subjective quality of life, see Berliner Lebensqualitätsprofil.
Belp
Municipality
Flag of Belp
Flag
Coat of arms of Belp
Coat of arms
Location of Belp
Map
Belp is located in Switzerland
Belp
Belp
Belp is located in Canton of Bern
Belp
Belp
Coordinates: 46°53′N 7°30′E / 46.883°N 7.500°E / 46.883; 7.500
CountrySwitzerland
CantonBern
DistrictSeftigen
Area
[1]
 • Total23.3 km2 (9.0 sq mi)
Elevation
521 m (1,709 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2018)[2]
 • Total11,510
 • Density490/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
3123
SFOS number0861
ISO 3166 codeCH-BE
Surrounded byAllmendingen, Belpberg, Gerzensee, Kehrsatz, Münsingen, Muri bei Bern, Rubigen, Toffen, Wald
Websitewww.belp.ch
SFSO statistics

Belp is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is close to Bern's Belp Airport. The municipality of Belpberg merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Belp.[3]

History

[edit]
Painting by Gabriel Lory, Ansicht von Belp
Belp Castle in 1757

Belp is first mentioned in 1263 as Belpo.[4]

Scattered neolithic artifacts indicate that the Belp area was inhabited prehistorically. Bronze Age cemeteries and La Tène artifacts show that there were villages near modern Belp before the Roman invasion. After the collapse of the Roman Empire the area may have been uninhabited, but by the High Middle Ages there were villages and wooden castles here. Very little is known about Fahrhubel Castle, located about 700 meters (2,300 ft) north-west of the Hunzigenbrücke (Hunzigen Bridge), and it was eventually completely demolished.[4]

Hohberg Castle, on the northern slope of the Belpberg, was the ancestral seat of the Freiherren of Belp-Montenach. It was built around 1135 and today only ruins remain.[5] During the 12th and 13th centuries, the family expanded their authority from Belp to include neighboring villages. In 1277 they created the Herrschaft of Belp to include all their estates and villages. Their expanding power brought them into conflict with the growing city-state of Bern and in 1298 Bern attacked Belp. At the Battle of Donnerbühl or Dornbühl in 1298 Bern destroyed the castle. Eight years later, in 1306, they forced the Freiherren of Belp-Montenach to become citizens of Bern and give up their independence. The Hölzernes Schloss or Wooden Castle was built in 1327 by the Freiherr in Belp village. By the late 14th century the male line of the Belp-Montenach family died out and Belp and the surrounding lands were acquired by a noble family in Bern. Over the following centuries, Belp passed through several noble families. In 1550-54 the von Luternau family built the Old Castle in the village across from the Wooden Castle. The Old Castle was the administrative seat of the Herrschaft during the 16th and 17th centuries.[6]

By the 18th century, wealthy Bernese families began moving to Belp to escape the noise and crowding in the city. In 1735 Victor Fischer built Oberried Estate above the growing town. This estate was followed in 1740 by the Schlössli or Neues Schloss on Rubigenstrasse which was built for the historian Alexander Ludwig von Wattenwyl. Lindenegg Mansion was built in 1800.

The Wooden Castle was demolished in 1783. In 1721 the von Wattenwyl family acquired the Herrschaft, which they ruled until the 1798 French invasion and creation of the Helvetic Republic abolished the old aristocratic order. In 1810 the Canton of Bern bought the castle from Karl von Wattenwyl and used it as the center of the newly created Seftigen District.[4]

The village church of St. Peter and Paul was first mentioned in 1228. It was probably established by the Freiherr of Belp. In 1334, Interlaken Monastery received the patronage rights over the church. In 1528, Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and Belp converted. After Bern forcefully secularized Interlaken Monastery, the patronage rights passed to Bern.[4]

The Aare river correction of 1829-31 and the Gürbe river correction of 1855-60 helped open up new farmland and prevented devastating floods in the municipality. The river ferries were replaced with the Hunzigen or August Bridge in 1836. It was replaced with the larger Schützenfahr Bridge in 1883 and today is a covered pedestrian bridge. The Industrial Revolution reached Belp in 1844 when a cloth factory settled in the village. The factory operated until 1974. In 1928-29 the Belpmoos airport opened outside the town. It eventually grew into the Bern-Belp Regional Airport. Today, almost two-thirds of the population commutes to jobs outside the municipality and about two-thirds of the jobs in Belp are in the services sector.[4]

Geography

[edit]
Belpberg and the Gürbetal (Gürbe Valley)
Aerial view (1952)

Before the merger Belp had an area, as of 2009, of 17.59 km2 (6.79 sq mi). After the 2012 merger, Belp has an area of 23.26 km2 (8.98 sq mi).[7] As of 2012, a total of 13.38 km2 (5.17 sq mi) or 57.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.04 km2 (2.33 sq mi) or 25.9% is forested. The rest of the municipality is 3.31 km2 (1.28 sq mi) or 14.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.49 km2 (0.19 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.05 km2 (12 acres) or 0.2% is unproductive land.[8]

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 7.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.9%. A total of 24.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 39.1% is used for growing crops and 17.3% is pasturage, while 1.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.3% is in lakes and 1.8% is in rivers and streams.[8]

The municipality is located at the mouth of the Gürbetal and on the left bank of the Aare river. It includes the village of Belp, the hamlets of Viehweide, Heitern and Hofmatt. In recent years, a number of new developments have been built including Eissel (1956–75), Montenach (1960s), Schafmatt (1970s), Hühnerhubel (1980). The parish includes Belp, Belpberg and Toffen. It is home to the Bern-Belp regional airport.

On 1 January 2012 the former municipality of Belpberg merged into the municipality of Belp.[9]

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Seftigen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.[10]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Quartered Gules and Argent.[11]

Demographics

[edit]
Belp
View of Belp from the south-west

Belp has a population (as of December 2020) of 11,603.[12] As of 2011, 11.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last year (2010-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 3.2%. Migration accounted for 2.5%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.4%.[13]

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (8,505 or 92.5%) as their first language, French is the second most common (107 or 1.2%) and Albanian is the third (107 or 1.2%). There are 103 people who speak Italian and 5 people who speak Romansh.[14]

As of 2008, the population was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The population was made up of 4,376 Swiss men (42.8% of the population) and 608 (5.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 4,679 Swiss women (45.8%) and 558 (5.5%) non-Swiss women.[15] Of the population in the municipality, 2,500 or about 27.2% were born in Belp and lived there in 2000. There were 3,908 or 42.5% who were born in the same canton, while 1,434 or 15.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,052 or 11.4% were born outside of Switzerland.[14]

As of 2011, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 62.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.5%.[13]

As of 2000, there were 3,754 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 4,468 married individuals, 492 widows or widowers and 479 individuals who are divorced.[14]

As of 2010, there were 1,484 households that consist of only one person and 211 households with five or more people.[16] In 2000, a total of 3,772 apartments (93.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 175 apartments (4.3%) were seasonally occupied and 84 apartments (2.1%) were empty.[17] As of 2010, the construction rate of new housing units was 13 new units per 1000 residents.[13] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 1.26%. In 2011, single family homes made up 48.4% of the total housing in the municipality.[18]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[4][19][20]

Heritage sites of national significance

[edit]

The Bider-Hangar at the airport and Oberried Estate are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.[21]

  • Bider Hangar
    Bider Hangar
  • Oberried Estate
    Oberried Estate

Politics

[edit]

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 29.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (17.8%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (15.9%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.9%). In the federal election, a total of 3,948 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 51.3%.[22]

Economy

[edit]
Airport tower and a Sky Work Q400 at Bern-Belp Airport
Belp railroad station

Sky Work Airlines has its head office in Belp.[23][24] The head office of Heliswiss is located on the grounds of Bern Airport in Belp,[25] and SkyWorks previously had its head office on the airport grounds.[26][27][28]

As of  2011, Belp had an unemployment rate of 2.02%. As of 2008, there were a total of 4,372 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 323 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 85 businesses involved in this sector. 1,147 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 93 businesses in this sector. 2,902 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 345 businesses in this sector.[13] There were 5,081 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.0% of the workforce.

In 2008 there were a total of 3,426 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 113, of which 108 were in agriculture, 4 were in forestry or lumber production and 1 was in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,056 of which 686 or (65.0%) were in manufacturing and 340 (32.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 2,257. In the tertiary sector; 760 or 33.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 251 or 11.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 134 or 5.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 78 or 3.5% were in the information industry, 67 or 3.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 190 or 8.4% were technical professionals or scientists, 153 or 6.8% were in education and 403 or 17.9% were in health care.[29]

In 2000, there were 2,464 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,297 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 1,784 workers (42.0% of the 4,248 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Belp.[30] Of the working population, 26.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 46% used a private car.[13]

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Belp making 150,000 CHF was 11.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 17%.[31] For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.[32]

In 2009 there were a total of 4,678 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 1,787 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 31 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Belp was 115,784 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.[33]

In 2011 a total of 4.1% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.[34]

Religion

[edit]
Swiss Reformed church in Belp

From the 2000 census, 6,020 or 65.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 1,277 or 13.9% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 75 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.82% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.02% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 560 individuals (or about 6.09% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 9 individuals (or about 0.10% of the population) who were Jewish, and 307 (or about 3.34% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 22 individuals who were Buddhist, 50 individuals who were Hindu and 7 individuals who belonged to another church. 585 (or about 6.36% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 279 individuals (or about 3.03% of the population) did not answer the question.[14]

Climate

[edit]

Between 1981 and 2010 Belp had an average of 127.9 days of rain or snow per year and on average received 1,143 mm (45.0 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was May during which time Belp received an average of 123 mm (4.8 in) of rain or snow. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 12.8 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 66 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 9.6 days.[35]

Education

[edit]

In Belp about 60.8% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 19.8% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[13] Of the 1,183 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 69.5% were Swiss men, 22.5% were Swiss women, 5.3% were non-Swiss men and 2.7% were non-Swiss women.[14]

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[36]

During the 2011–12 school year, there were a total of 1,161 students attending classes in Belp. There were 8 kindergarten classes with a total of 140 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 20.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 11.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 31 primary classes and 602 students. Of the primary students, 16.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 14.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 22 lower secondary classes with a total of 411 students. There were 10.5% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 6.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The remainder of the students attend a private or special school.[37]

As of  2000, there were a total of 949 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 876 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 73 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 371 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[30]

Belp is home to the Gemeindebibliothek Belp (municipal library of Belp). The library has (as of 2008) 13,040 books or other media, and loaned out 79,886 items in the same year. It was open a total of 312 days with average of 18 hours per week during that year.[38]

Notable people

[edit]
  • Bruno Messerli (1931 in Belp – 2019) a Swiss geographer and university professor, who focused on geographic high mountain research
  • Rudolf Joder (born 1950) politician, member of the Swiss National Council and lawyer; lives in Belp
  • Nicolas Bürgy (born 1995 in Belp) a Swiss footballer who plays for FC Thun, over 50 club caps

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. ^ . Federal Statistical Office https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/. Retrieved 15 June 2020. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 21 December 2011
  4. ^ a b c d e f Belp in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  5. ^ Belp municipal website - History Archived 2012-11-05 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 18 March 2014
  6. ^ Swiss Castles.ch - Altes Schloss (in German and French) accessed 18 March 2014
  7. ^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  8. ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010
  9. ^ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Archived 2015-11-13 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 13 December 2014
  10. ^ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Archived 2015-11-13 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 4 April 2011
  11. ^ Flags of the World.com accessed 18 March 2014
  12. ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine accessed 18 March 2014
  14. ^ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Archived August 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011
  15. ^ Statistical office of the Canton of Bern Archived 2012-02-15 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 4 January 2012
  16. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Haushaltsgrösse Archived October 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 8 May 2013
  17. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived September 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
  18. ^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Anteil Einfamilienhäuser am gesamten Gebäudebestand, 2011 accessed 17 June 2013
  19. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Archived September 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 29 January 2011
  20. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Gemeinde und Haushaltsgrösse Archived July 18, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 12 August 2013
  21. ^ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  22. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Archived November 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 8 May 2012
  23. ^ "Contact Archived 2010-11-02 at the Wayback Machine." SkyWork Airlines. Retrieved on 19 February 2012. "SkyWork Airlines AG Aemmenmattstrasse 43 CH-3123 Bern-Belp"
  24. ^ "Legal notice Archived 2010-11-01 at the Wayback Machine." Sky Work Airlines. Retrieved on 19 February 2010. "Sky Work LTD. & Sky Work Airlines LTD. Aemmennmattstrasse 43 CH-3123 Belp"
  25. ^ "Bern-Belp base Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine." Heliswiss. Retrieved on 25 February 2011. "Heliswiss is an international helicopter company based at Bern-Belp Airport."
  26. ^ "Contact." SkyWork Airlines. Retrieved on 8 December 2010. "SkyWork Flughafen Bern-Belp Terminal Nord CH 3123 Bern-Belp."
  27. ^ "Terms and conditions Archived 2010-12-27 at the Wayback Machine." Sky Work Airlines. Retrieved on 8 December 2010. ""We", "our" "ourselves" and "us" means Sky Work Airlines Ltd., domiciled in Bern-Belp, Switzerland."
  28. ^ "Ortsplan Archived August 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." Town of Belp. Retrieved on 8 December 2010.
  29. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Archived December 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
  30. ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010
  31. ^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Steuerbelastung, 2011 Politische Gemeinden (in German) accessed 15 May 2013
  32. ^ Swiss Federal Tax Administration - Grafische Darstellung der Steuerbelastung 2011 in den Kantonen Archived 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine (in German and French) accessed 17 June 2013
  33. ^ Federal Tax Administration Report Direkte Bundessteuer - Natürliche Personen - Gemeinden - Steuerjahr 2009 Archived October 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German and French) accessed 15 May 2013
  34. ^ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Bezüger/-innen von Sozialhilfeleistungen (Sozialhilfeempfänger/-innen), 2011 accessed 18 June 2013
  35. ^ "Norm Values Tables, 1981-2010" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013., the Belp weather station elevation is 515 meters above sea level.
  36. ^ EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  37. ^ Schuljahr 2011/12 pdf document Archived 2012-06-02 at the Wayback Machine(in German) accessed 9 May 2013
  38. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries Archived 2015-07-06 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 14 May 2010
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