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Lazurite

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Azurite or Lazulite.
For other uses, see Azure spar.
Lazurite
Lazurite, Ladjuar Medam (Lajur Madan; Lapis-lazuli Mine), Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley (Kokscha; Kokcha), Badakhshan (Badakshan; Badahsan) Province, Afghanistan
General
CategoryTectosilicate
Formula
(repeating unit)		(Na,Ca)8[(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2|(Al6Si6O24)]
IMA symbolLzr[1]
Strunz classification9.FB.10
Crystal systemIsometric
Crystal classHextetrahedral (43m)
H-M symbol: (4 3m)
Space groupP43n
Unit cella = 9.09 Å; Z = 2
Identification
ColorDeep blue, azure, violet-blue, greenish blue
Crystal habitCrystals occur as dodecahedra, or rarely cubes; granular, disseminated, or massive
CleavageImperfect on {110}
FractureUneven
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness5–5.5
LusterVitreous
DiaphaneityTranslucent to opaque
Specific gravity2.38–2.45
Optical propertiesIsotropic; anomalously anisotropic
Refractive index1.502–1.522
Fusibility3.5
SolubilitySoluble in HCl
References[2][3][4][5][6]

Lazurite, old name Azure spar[7]: 14  is a tectosilicate mineral with sulfate, sulfur and chloride with formula (Na,Ca)8[(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2|(Al6Si6O24)]. It is a feldspathoid and a member of the sodalite group. Lazurite crystallizes in the isometric system although well‐formed crystals are rare. It is usually massive and forms the bulk of the gemstone lapis lazuli.

Mineral

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Lazurite is a deep‐blue to greenish‐blue. The colour is due to the presence of S−
3 anions.[8] It has a Mohs hardness of 5.0 to 5.5 and a specific gravity of 2.4. It is translucent with a refractive index of 1.50. It is fusible at 3.5 on Wolfgang Franz von Kobell's fusibility scale, and soluble in HCl. It commonly contains or is associated with grains of pyrite.

Lazurite is a product of contact metamorphism of limestone and is typically associated with calcite, pyrite, diopside, humite, forsterite, hauyne and muscovite.[2]

Other blue minerals, such as the carbonate azurite and the phosphate lazulite, may be confused with lazurite, but are easily distinguished with careful examination. At one time, lazurite was a synonym for azurite.[5]

Lazurite was first described in 1890 for an occurrence in the Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan.[3] It has been mined for more than 6,000 years in the lapis lazuli district of Badakhshan. It has been used as a pigment in painting and cloth dyeing since at least the 6th or 7th century.[9] It is also mined at Lake Baikal in Siberia; Mount Vesuvius; Burma; Canada; and the United States.[9] The name is from the Persian lajvard for blue.[10]

The most important mineral component of lapis lazuli is lazurite[11] (25% to 40%)[citation needed]

Redefinition

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Most lapis lazuli gets its blue color from Hauyne and almost none contain "true lazurite".[12] This was changed in 2021, as lazurite was redefined so that it is enough for a quarter (instead of half) of the cages to contain sulfide.[13]

Structure

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Lazurite and hauyne seem to have the same structure and both are sulfate-dominant minerals.[14] Lazurite is a pigment (opalescent) and has a bright blue streak (especially as a component of the semiprecious stone lapis lazuli). Many hauynes have a white or pale blue streak and are translucent. The difference might be a consequence of the redox state (sulfate to sulfide ratio).[8][15]

See also

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  • Hauyne – Silicate mineral
  • Ultramarine – Deep blue purple color pigment which was originally made with ground lapis lazuli

References

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  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ a b Handbook of Mineralogy
  3. ^ a b Mindat with location data
  4. ^ Webmineral data
  5. ^ a b Hurlbut, Cornelius S. and Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., Wiley, p. 459 ISBN 0-471-80580-7
  6. ^ "Mineralogical Society of America" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
  7. ^ Krivovichev V. G. Mineralogical glossary. Scientific editor A. G. Bulakh. — St.Petersburg: St.Petersburg Univ. Publ. House. 2009. — 556 p. — ISBN 978-5-288-04863-0. (in Russian)
  8. ^ a b Tauson VL, Sapozhnikov AN (2003). "On the nature of lazurite coloring" (PDF). Zapiski Vserossijskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva (in Russian). 132 (5): 102–107.
  9. ^ a b Eastaugh, Nicholas; et al. (2004). The Pigment Compendium: Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 219. ISBN 0-7506-4553-9.
  10. ^ "Tile fragment". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  11. ^ "Lapis lazuli: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
  12. ^ "Lapis lazuli". mindat.org. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  13. ^ "Lazurite". mindat.org. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  14. ^ Moore, T.P.; Woodside, R. W. M. (2014). "The Sar-e-Sang Lapis Mines". Mineralogical Record. 45 (3): 281–336.
  15. ^ Hettmann K, Wenzel T, Marks M, Markl G (2012). "The sulfur speciation in S-bearing minerals: New constraints by a combination of electron microprobe analysis and DFT calculations with special reference to sodalite-group minerals". American Mineralogist. 97 (10): 1653–1661. Bibcode:2012AmMin..97.1653H. doi:10.2138/am.2012.4031. S2CID 54921328.
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  • Media related to Lazurite at Wikimedia Commons
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