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Kashima, Ibaraki

Coordinates: 35°57′56.3″N 140°38′41.4″E / 35.965639°N 140.644833°E / 35.965639; 140.644833
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Kashima, Saga.
Kashima
鹿嶋市
City
Kashima city hall
Kashima city hall
Flag of Kashima
Flag
Official seal of Kashima
Seal
Location of Kashima in Ibaraki Prefecture
Location of Kashima in Ibaraki Prefecture
Kashima is located in Japan
Kashima
Kashima
 
Coordinates: 35°57′56.3″N 140°38′41.4″E / 35.965639°N 140.644833°E / 35.965639; 140.644833
CountryJapan
RegionKantō
PrefectureIbaraki
First official recorded660 BC
Town settledApril 1, 1889
City settledSeptember 1, 1995
Government
 • MayorShinichi Taguchi (from April 2022)
Area
 • Total106.02 km2 (40.93 sq mi)
Population
 (July 2022)
 • Total66,098
 • Density620/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number0299-82-2911
Address1187-1 Hirai, Kashima-shi, Ibaraki-ken 314-8655
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
BirdGreen pheasant
FlowerRosa rugosa
TreePine

Kashima (鹿嶋市, Kashima-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 67,197 in 28,873 households and a population density of 634 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 31.5%.[1] The total area of the city is 106.02 square kilometres (40.93 sq mi). Kashima is the home of the J. League's Kashima Antlers. Its home field, Kashima Soccer Stadium, was used as a site during the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The city is also the site of the Kashima Shrine, one of the oldest Shinto shrines in eastern Japan, and considered the birthplace of many influential styles of Japanese swordsmanship (Kenjutsu).[2][3]

Geography

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Kashima is located in southeastern Ibaraki Prefecture, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east and Lake Kitaura (Lake Kasumigaura) to the west, with a width of less than 10 kilometers from east-to-west. It is approximately 110 kilometers to the northeast of Tokyo.[3]

Surrounding municipalities

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Ibaraki Prefecture

Climate

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Kashima has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kashima is 15.0 °C (59.0 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,581.9 mm (62.28 in) with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.6 °C (78.1 °F), and lowest in January, at around 4.7 °C (40.5 °F).[4]

Climate data for Kashima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.3
(66.7) 		23.6
(74.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		29.4
(84.9) 		32.6
(90.7) 		33.6
(92.5) 		36.6
(97.9) 		36.1
(97.0) 		36.4
(97.5) 		32.8
(91.0) 		25.6
(78.1) 		23.8
(74.8) 		36.6
(97.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.4
(48.9) 		9.9
(49.8) 		12.8
(55.0) 		17.5
(63.5) 		21.7
(71.1) 		24.2
(75.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		29.9
(85.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		21.3
(70.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.8
(53.2) 		19.1
(66.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5) 		5.4
(41.7) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.1
(55.6) 		17.3
(63.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		24.1
(75.4) 		25.6
(78.1) 		22.7
(72.9) 		17.9
(64.2) 		12.5
(54.5) 		7.2
(45.0) 		14.9
(58.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.3
(32.5) 		1.0
(33.8) 		4.2
(39.6) 		9.0
(48.2) 		13.6
(56.5) 		17.3
(63.1) 		21.0
(69.8) 		22.7
(72.9) 		19.9
(67.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		8.5
(47.3) 		2.9
(37.2) 		11.3
(52.3)
Record low °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		5.1
(41.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		13.8
(56.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		10.5
(50.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−6.0
(21.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 88.2
(3.47) 		72.1
(2.84) 		129.8
(5.11) 		123.3
(4.85) 		132.7
(5.22) 		145.4
(5.72) 		134.8
(5.31) 		102.3
(4.03) 		210.9
(8.30) 		273.7
(10.78) 		105.8
(4.17) 		66.6
(2.62) 		1,581.9
(62.28)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6.7 7.3 11.2 10.7 10.7 11.6 10.1 7.3 11.4 11.8 8.5 6.7 114
Mean monthly sunshine hours 189.5 173.3 176.6 187.4 184.2 140.1 165.9 204.3 149.5 136.8 145.2 168.1 2,020.8
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[5][4]

Demographics

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Per Japanese census data,[6] the population of Kashima has recently plateaued after a long period of growth.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 18,922—    
1930 20,284+7.2%
1940 21,701+7.0%
1950 27,481+26.6%
1960 26,811−2.4%
1970 34,700+29.4%
1980 51,355+48.0%
1990 59,092+15.1%
2000 62,287+5.4%
2010 66,093+6.1%
2020 66,950+1.3%

History

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Kashima was developed from the Nara period together with the ichinomiya of Hitachi Province, Kashima Shrine. After the Meiji Restoration, the town of Kashima was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889 within Kashima District. In 1954, Kashima annexed with the neighboring villages of Takamatsu, Toyosu, Toyosato and Namino. Kashima merged with the village of Ono on September 1, 1995 and was elevated to city status.[7]

Government

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Kashima has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 20 members. Kashima contributes one member to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Ibaraki 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.[8][9][10]

Economy

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Kashima is the central city of the Kashima Industrial Zone, and it has a large industrial park with about 1500 factories, especially petrochemical and steel plants. The Japanese government created this zone in 1963, and the development was mostly completed in 1973. Agriculture and commercial fishing also play a part in the local economy.[11][12]

Education

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Kashima has 12 public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private middle school and two private high schools.[13]

Sports

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Kashima Antlers is the local J. League football club.[14]

Transportation

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Railway

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JR East – Kashima Line

- Kashima Rinkai Railway Ōarai Kashima Line

Highway

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Seaport

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Sister cities

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Local attractions

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Kashima Shrine

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ "Ibaraki prefectural official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  2. ^ "Kashima Shrine: The Spiritual Heart of Ibaraki". Top 10 Japan. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  3. ^ a b "Kashima Jingu Grand Shrine | Visit | IBARAKI GUIDE". visit.ibarakiguide.jp. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  4. ^ a b 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  5. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  6. ^ Kashima population statistics
  7. ^ "Kashima Shrine". Historic Site in Japan (in Japanese). 2024-06-09. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  8. ^ "市長プロフィール - 市長室". 鹿嶋市ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  9. ^ "常任委員会名簿 | 茨城県議会". www.pref.ibaraki.jp. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  10. ^ "市長の部屋へようこそ". 鹿嶋市ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  11. ^ "Nippon East Japan Works (Kashima) steel plant". Global Energy Monitor. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  12. ^ "data | Investment Opportunities in Japan's Regions - Investing in Japan - Japan External Trade Organization". ジェトロ. 2024. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  13. ^ "List of Schools by Prefecture". ユネスコスクール加盟校エリア. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  14. ^ "KASHIMA ANTLERS OFFICIAL WEBSITE". www.antlers.co.jp. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  15. ^ "Status of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Sister City". Island of World Peace, Jeju. Jeju Self-Governing Province. December 2009. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  16. ^ "Yancheng". Welcome to Jiangsu China. Jiangsu Provincial government official site. 2005. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
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